“Management is nothing more than motivation other people”
“Management is nothing more than motivation other people”
Marketing
Every time being has several needs and desires. But no
individual can satisfy all his wants in isolation. Therefore, people work
together to meet their mutual needs, which they cannot fulfill individually.
Moreover, man is a social being as he likes to live together with other people.
People satisfy their economic and social needs by working living together in
organized groups and institution. As a result, there are several types of
groups, e.g. a family, a school, a government, an army, a business firm and a cricket
team, etc. Such formal groups can achieve their goals effectively only when the
efforts of the people working in these groups are properly coordinated and
controlled. The task of getting result through others by coordinating their
efforts is known as management. Just as the mind coordinated and regulates all
the activities of a person, management coordinates and regulates the activities
of various members of an organization.
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Different
persons in different ways as described below use the word management:
As an
activity: A distinct
function performed in-group effort to achieve certain objectives.
As a
process: A series of interrelated functions performed in all
organizations.
As a
discipline: A subject
of study drawing upon work knowledge of other discipline.
As a group: A body of
persons who perform the task of managing organization.
“Management
is principally the task of planning, coordination, motivating and controlling
the efforts of others towards a specific objective”
Functions of Management
Planning:
Planning means deciding in advance what to do, when to do,
where to do, how to do and who is to do. It implies determination of the
objectives to be achieved and selecting the right course of action to achieve
the desired objectives. A plan is a future course of action and therefore,
planning is based on forecasts or scientific estimated of future events.
Planning is an exercise in coordination because it involves choosing the right
course of action out of various alternatives. It involves in taking advance
decisions of action.
The process
of planning consists of:
- Establishing objectives
- Making forecasts
- Formulating policies, procedures and rules
- Drawing programs schedules and budgets etc.
Organizing:
After deciding the objectives and ways or means of achieving
them, the next step is to bring together manpower and material resources
required for carrying out the plans. Organization structure (the network of
authority-responsibility relationships) serves as a framework through which
management coordinates individuals’ efforts. There can be several types of
organization depending upon the requirements of the business.
The process
of organization involves the following steps:
- Identifying the activities necessary to achieve the objectives
- Grouping the activities into manageable units
- Assigning duties or tasks to appropriate individuals
- Delegating necessary authority to individuals and fixing responsibility for results.
- Defining authority-responsibility relationships among individual
Staffing:
Staffing is function of meaning and also keeping manned, the
positions created in the organization structure. It is concerned with human
resources. Its aim is to fit individuals and jobs, i.e. right man or the right
job. Staffing has become an important function due to increasing size of
business, rapid advancements in technology and growing competition. It is a
difficult function because the behavior of human beings is complicated.
Staffing
consists of the following activities:
- Manpower planning, i.e. determining the number and quality of employees required in the organization
- Recruitment, selection and placement
- Training and development
- Appraisal, promotion, transfer and remuneration of employees
Directing:
A manager may plan and organize but so tangible results can
be achieved until the plan is implemented. This is done by directing, which
literally means moving into action. Directing is that part of the management’s
process, which actuates the organization members to work efficiently and
effectively for the attainment of desired objectives. Directing is concerned with the
execution of plans. Directing is the interpersonal aspect of management
because it involves influencing, guiding and motivating the subordinates for
the achievement of organizational objects. Supervision, motivating, leadership
and communication are the sub-functions of directing.
Controlling:
Controlling is the process of measuring and comparing
operating results with the plans and taking corrective action when results
deviate from plans. “Fundamentally,
control is any process that guides activity towards some pre-determined goal.
The essence of control is in determining whether the activity is achieving the
desired results.” Control is inseparable from planning.
The process
of control consists of the following steps:
- Setting standard for the desired performance
- Measuring the actual performance
- Interpreting and comparing actual performance with the set standards
- Analyzing deviations to fix responsibility
- Taking corrective actions
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